Abnormal Hemoglobin Levels Signal Serious Blood Conditions
Abnormal hemoglobin levels can signal serious blood conditions. Understanding normal hemoglobin types and their functions is crucial. Hemoglobin electrophoresis, a century-old test, helps diagnose and monitor these disorders.
Hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells, exists in various types. In adults, hemoglobin A (95% to 98%), A2 (2% to 3%), and F (1% to 2%) are normal. Hemoglobin S and C should be 0%.
Abnormal levels may indicate conditions like hemoglobin C disease, rare hemoglobinopathies, sickle cell anemia, or thalassemia. Hemoglobin electrophoresis, first used in the early 20th century, separates and identifies abnormal hemoglobin molecules. This test diagnoses and differentiates disorders like thalassemia and sickle cell disease. It's also used to monitor treatments and screen for genetic conditions.
In infants, hemoglobin F dominates, declining by the first year. The test involves drawing blood and using electrophoresis to separate hemoglobin types. Risks include bruising, bleeding, infection, and rare cases of vein swelling or ongoing bleeding. Genetic mutations can cause abnormal hemoglobin, leading to insufficient oxygen supply.
Abnormal hemoglobin levels can indicate serious blood disorders. Hemoglobin electrophoresis, a century-old test, aids in diagnosis and monitoring. Understanding normal hemoglobin types and their functions is vital for early detection and management of these conditions.
