Connections between Breast and Ovarian Cancer: Identified Ties and Risk Factors
Gotchat: The Breast and Ovarian Cancer Connection
So, it's no secret that breast and ovarian cancers are linked, thanks primarily to genetic factors. Let's dive into it.
People with risky genes, such as those with mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, are more likely to develop both breast and ovarian cancers. It's like they're dealing double trouble due to these DNA screw-ups.
Here's the thing, these cancers also share some common ground in terms of environmental factors. We're talking older age, overweight or obesity, and never carrying a pregnancy to term. And get this – some folks may actually have the power to influence these risky aspects, like maintaining a moderately lean physique.
Do these cancers boost each other's risk?
Well, if you've had breast cancer, you might have a higher chance of getting ovarian cancer – especially if your breast cancer aligns with genetic mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2. However, this increase is more about shared genetics rather than the cancer itself.
Interestingly, people with ovarian cancer might have a 1.6-fold increase in the risk of getting breast cancer later, but the actual risk might vary depending on the time since their first cancer diagnosis.
On the opposite side, if someone has ovarian cancer, they may also face an increased risk of breast cancer, often due to genetic mutations.
Other risk factors for breast and ovarian cancers
Apart from BRCA1 and BRCA2, other shared genetic risk factors might include a family history of either cancer, older age, hormone therapy after menopause, and specific reproductive factors like having a first child later or never having children.
Can we change the odds?
Some risk factors, like having had breast or ovarian cancer before, can't be touched. However, you can manage these unchangeable risk factors through careful monitoring, lifestyle changes, and, in some cases, preventive medical procedures.
If you've got a history of breast or ovarian cancer, your doctor might suggest more frequent and thorough screenings to catch any new cancers early. This could mean regular mammograms, breast MRI scans, pelvic exams, transvaginal ultrasounds, and CA-125 blood tests.
Genetic testing for BRCA1, BRCA2, and other relevant mutations is another great strategy for monitoring and prevention, particularly for those carrying inherited mutations. And for people with genetic mutations, medical professionals may consider additional options such as prophylactic surgeries to remove organs or tissues to avoid cancer or its spread.
Modifiable risk factors
Now, let's talk about things you can change, like your weight and exercise habits! Maintaining a moderate weight has been shown to reduce the risk of breast and ovarian cancer. And regular physical activity not only helps with weight management but may also have direct anticancer effects!
Reducing alcohol intake and swapping out oral contraceptives can also help lower breast cancer risk. Oral contraceptives might increase ovarian cancer risk slightly, though, so have a chat with your doctor about contraception options based on your unique situation.
Prognosis
According to a 2020 observational study, people with both primary breast cancer and primary ovarian cancer have generally favorable outcomes, with 5- and 10-year overall survival rates around 90%.
The outlook is often more positive when there's a longer gap between the two diagnoses. However, ovarian cancer following breast cancer may occur at a later stage, which can impact survival.
Age during the first cancer diagnosis and the time between the two cancers are crucial factors for overall survival. To get a personalized look at your outlook, feel free to speak with your healthcare team.
When to call a health pro
Stay alert for signs of breast and ovarian cancer, especially if you've got a personal or family history of these diseases. Remember, early detection and swift treatment are vital for better outcomes!
Cancer resources
Wanna learn more about cancer? Our dedicated hub contains evidence-based information and resources on cancer!
FAQs
People with ovarian cancer might have a hiked risk of other cancers, such as:
- breast cancer
- bladder cancer
- bile duct cancer
- colorectal cancer
- acute leukemia
- melanoma of the eye
Breast cancer can spread to the ovaries, but this is relatively uncommon, particularly in cases where breast cancer is at an advanced stage. Those with BRCA mutations might be more susceptible to this happening.
People at high risk of ovarian cancer may have:
- BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations
- a family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer
- Lynch syndrome
- endometriosis
- never been pregnant
- had a late first pregnancy
- age over 40 years
Summary
Breast and ovarian cancers are linked primarily through shared genetic mutations, particularly in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which increase the risk of both. Common lifestyle factors like age, obesity, and reproductive history contribute to the risk of both cancers. A history of breast or ovarian cancer can boost the risk of the other due to these underlying genetic predispositions rather than the cancers directly affecting each other.
Thus, individuals with a personal or family history of either breast or ovarian cancer should consider genetic counseling and testing to evaluate their cancer risk comprehensively. Managing modifiable lifestyle factors may also help reduce cancer risk.
- If you have a family history of breast cancer, it might increase your chances of developing ovarian cancer, particularly if there are genetic mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2.
- People with ovarian cancer may have a higher risk of getting breast cancer later, but this increase in risk can vary depending on the time since their first cancer diagnosis.
- Maintaining a moderate weight is shown to reduce the risk of both breast and ovarian cancer, and regular physical activity may have direct anticancer effects.
- Recent research shows that people with a history of breast or ovarian cancer can have generally favorable outcomes, with 5- and 10-year overall survival rates around 90%.
- In addition to genetic counseling and testing, managing modifiable lifestyle factors, such as weight and exercise, can help reduce the risk of breast and ovarian cancer.
