Differences between high-functioning sociopaths and Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)
Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) is one of ten types of personality disorders, characterised by social irresponsibility and a lack of regard for the rights and feelings of others. ASPD affects between 0.6% and 3.6% of adults, but the exact cause remains unknown.
To be diagnosed with ASPD, a person must be 18 years or older and demonstrate three or more of the following symptoms: repeated lawbreaking, deceitfulness, impulsivity, difficulty maintaining plans, irritability and aggression, disregard for safety, irresponsibility, and showing no remorse for actions. These signs must be part of a person's regular pattern of behavior and not part of a schizophrenic or manic episode.
A documented history of conduct disorder may indicate ASPD. People with ASPD may be skilled at deceiving or manipulating others to facilitate their own ends. Some individuals with ASPD take little care to hide their behaviors and attitudes, while others are more adept at masking their symptoms and may be referred to as "high functioning sociopaths."
The term "sociopath" was once used to describe people with ASPD, but is no longer typically used in clinical settings due to derogatory connotations. High functioning sociopathy is not a clinical term, but is language used to describe a person with ASPD who appears to have impeccable social skills or has a well-developed ability to fit in.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR) does not differentiate between subtypes of ASPD. However, treatment for ASPD depends on the individual and can include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mentalization-based therapy (MBT), and democratic therapeutic communities (DTC).
DTC centers around large and small therapy groups, with a focus on community issues and self-motivation. These communities aim to address an individual's risk of offending, alongside their emotional and psychological needs. Common treatment approaches also include behavioral therapies focused on recognising and changing negative thought and behavior patterns, parent-management training, systemic family therapy to improve communication, social skills training, and supportive interventions in educational settings tailored to the individual's needs.
It is important to note that there is no cure for ASPD, but a person living with the condition may help manage symptoms through psychotherapies or democratic therapeutic communities. The individual seeking treatment should be willing to contribute to community projects and participate in democratic processes. A mental health professional can help create the most effective treatment plan based on individual needs.
In conclusion, understanding Antisocial Personality Disorder and its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options is crucial for those affected by the condition, their families, and healthcare providers. By recognising the signs and seeking appropriate help, individuals with ASPD can work towards managing their symptoms and leading fulfilling lives.
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