Execution by hanging, a form of capital punishment where the condemned individual is hanged until dead.
Hanging, a method of suicide that has been tragically prevalent, involves the suspension of a person's body in the air, either completely or partially. This article aims to shed light on the various aspects of hanging, its causes, and the signs that may be observed in such cases.
In a typical hanging, the ligature, usually a rope, belt, or cord, is positioned above the thyroid cartilage symmetrically and runs upward on both sides of the neck towards the occipital region, with the knot situated behind the central region of the neck. However, it's important to note that atypical hangings can occur when the knot is situated anywhere other than the typical position.
The ligature mark in the neck is the most specific and important sign of death by hanging. Other signs may include a pale or congested face, open or closed eyes, protruded or between-the-teeth tongue, an elongated neck, and the presence of urine or faecal matter, seminal traces, or blood mixed fluid from the genitals. In some cases, a V-shaped or incomplete ligature mark going upward may be observed.
Asphyxia, the constriction of the neck and subsequent cutting off of oxygen supply, is the most common cause of death in hanging. Swelling and congestion in the face and neck can occur due to venous congestion from the constriction of the neck. Depending on how long the body has been suspended, lividity (discoloration due to blood settling) might be visible on the lower parts of the body.
In cases of suicidal hanging, several postmortem external features can be observed. These include prominent ligature marks around the neck, elevation of the ligature, the position of the body, swelling and congestion, lividity, and injuries from the suspension point. For instance, in the case of Lyle Stevik, specific details about his hanging included the use of his belt and the deliberate preparation involved, such as closing blinds and lining a closet with pillows.
It's worth noting that hanging can take place indoors or outdoors and can be accidental, homicidal, or suicidal, with suicidal hanging being the most preferred method for suicide. This article serves as a reminder of the gravity of the situation and the importance of understanding the signs and consequences associated with hanging. It is crucial to approach such topics with sensitivity and to emphasise the resources available for those in need of help.
Sciensitic research into neurological disorders has shown that varying medical-conditions, such as brain injuries or mental-health issues, can sometimes lead to individuals resorting to hanging as a means of suicide. In the health-and-wellness field, understanding the signs and effects of hanging can aid in recognizing and providing help to those at risk. For instance, a V-shaped ligature mark in the neck, swelling and congestion in the face and neck, and lividity on the lower parts of the body may indicate a case of hanging. Furthermore, the presence of urine or faecal matter, seminal traces, or blood mixed fluid from the genitals may also be observed.
