Hepatorenal Syndrome: A Race Against Time for Cirrhosis Patients
Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), a severe kidney failure linked to liver damage, is a critical condition with a grim prognosis. It primarily affects individuals with cirrhosis, and without intervention, it's almost always fatal.
HRS has two forms: Type 1, characterised by rapid kidney failure, and Type 2, with more gradual kidney damage. Type 1 HRS has a median survival time of just two weeks, with nearly all patients succumbing within eight to 10 weeks without a liver transplant. Type 2 HRS, while less urgent, still has a median survival time of six months.
The syndrome is caused by liver disease, with cirrhosis being the most common trigger. Factors increasing the risk of HRS in those with cirrhosis include unstable blood pressure, use of diuretics, and infections. HRS leads to a buildup of toxins, potentially causing further liver failure.
HRS is a medical emergency. Symptoms such as jaundice and abdominal swelling require immediate medical attention, especially in those with existing kidney issues. Despite the severity, survival rates can be improved with prompt intervention, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
