Melanoma: Surgery Remains Key Treatment, Specialists Crucial
Melanoma, the most serious type of skin cancer, is typically treated with surgery. However, the approach can vary depending on the stage and location of the cancer. Dermatologists, particularly those specializing in dermato-oncology and dermatosurgery, often lead the treatment process.
Surgery is the primary treatment for melanoma at all stages. The standard procedure, wide local excision, involves removing the tumor and surrounding tissue. For early-stage melanoma on sensitive areas like the face, Mohs surgery might be employed to spare healthy tissue.
In some cases, lymph nodes may need to be removed if cancer has spread. If melanoma has grown deeply into a finger or toe, amputation may be necessary, although this is extremely rare. Surgery is often combined with other approaches, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, to target any remaining cancer cells. Immunotherapy and targeted therapy are also being explored to treat cancers that may not respond to surgery alone.
Dermatologists usually perform the diagnosis, surgical removal, and follow-up care. However, in advanced cases or large interventions, patients may be referred to specialized hospital departments or multidisciplinary cancer centers. Here, other specialists like oncologists and pathologists may participate in the treatment process.
The outlook for melanoma is positive when treatment starts early, before the cancer spreads to distant body parts. Surgery is the most common treatment, often combined with other approaches. Specialists, particularly dermatologists, play a crucial role in managing this disease. Ongoing research explores immunotherapy and targeted therapy to enhance treatment options.
