Oral Extended-Release Tablets of Bupropion Hydrochloride: Dosage Information and Beyond
Bupropion hydrochloride extended-release (ER) oral tablets are a type of antidepressant medication, specifically a norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). These tablets are used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) and, in some cases, seasonal affective disorder (SAD). The two main forms of bupropion hydrochloride ER oral tablets are the sustained-release (SR) and extended-release (XL) forms, each with its unique characteristics.
Dosage and Release Duration
Wellbutrin SR is a sustained-release formulation that releases medication over about 12 hours and is typically taken twice a day. Its blood levels peak around 3 hours after dosing. On the other hand, Wellbutrin XL is an extended-release formulation that releases medication more slowly, maintaining steady blood levels for up to 24 hours, allowing for once-daily dosing. Its peak concentration occurs around 5 hours post-dose.
Dosage Strengths and Maximum Dose
Wellbutrin SR is available in 100 mg, 150 mg, and 200 mg strengths with a maximum daily dose of 400 mg. In contrast, Wellbutrin XL is available in 150 mg and 300 mg strengths with a maximum daily dose of 450 mg.
Effectiveness and Approved Uses
Both SR and XL forms are FDA-approved for the treatment of MDD in adults. However, Wellbutrin XL also has FDA approval for SAD, a type of depression related to seasonal changes. For SAD, the typical dosing for the extended-release version starts at 150 mg once daily in the morning, increasing to 300 mg once daily if needed, with treatment often initiated in the autumn and continued through winter.
Side Effects and Compliance
Because Wellbutrin XL maintains steadier blood levels throughout the day, it may lead to fewer side effects and better adherence due to once-daily dosing. Wellbutrin SR’s faster absorption and twice-daily dosing can result in more fluctuations in drug levels and potentially more side effects or inconvenience.
Other Considerations
Before taking either form of bupropion hydrochloride ER oral tablets (SR or XL), it's crucial to discuss your health history with your doctor, as these medications may not be suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions or other factors affecting their health.
It's also essential to store these medications properly, at room temperature from 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C) in a tightly sealed container away from light. Avoid storing them in areas where they could get damp or wet, such as bathrooms.
While using these medications, it's best to avoid or limit alcohol, as drinking too much alcohol may increase the risk for seizures.
When it comes to pregnancy and breastfeeding, the safety of the SR and XL forms of bupropion hydrochloride ER oral tablets is unknown. If you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning to breastfeed, talk with your doctor about the potential risks and benefits.
In case of an overdose, seek immediate medical attention by calling your doctor or the American Association of Poison Control Centers at 800-222-1222 or using its online tool. If your symptoms are severe, call 911 or your local emergency number, or go to the nearest emergency room right away.
Using more than the recommended dosage of the SR or XL form of bupropion hydrochloride ER oral tablets can lead to serious side effects, and in rare cases, death.
Before your insurance company approves coverage for either medication, you may need to get prior authorization. The cost of the SR and XL forms can vary depending on your insurance plan, location, and pharmacy. However, financial assistance may be available to help you pay for these medications.
In addition, it's important to dispose of any unused medication safely to prevent accidental ingestion by children or pets and to keep the drug from harming the environment. If you no longer need your medication and have leftover drug, talk to your pharmacist about safe disposal methods.
Lastly, be aware that bupropion hydrochloride ER oral tablets may cause your urine to test positive for drugs called amphetamines, which could result in a false positive.
[1] Drugs.com. (2021). Wellbutrin SR. Retrieved from https://www.drugs.com/wellbutrin-sr.html [2] Drugs.com. (2021). Wellbutrin XL. Retrieved from https://www.drugs.com/wellbutrin-xl.html [3] American Psychiatric Association. (2010). Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder. Retrieved from https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm [4] National Institute of Mental Health. (2017). Seasonal affective disorder. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/seasonal-affective-disorder/index.shtml [5] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2013). FDA approves Wellbutrin XL for major depressive disorder and seasonal affective disorder. Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-wellbutrin-xl-major-depressive-disorder-and-seasonal-affective-disorder
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