Recommended strategies for safeguarding your eyes from the sun during summer, as suggested by the chief physician in Dortmund
In the summer months, our eyes are exposed to a variety of potential irritants and risks. One key factor to consider is UV exposure, which increases the closer one is to the equator and can increase by 10 to 15% every 1000 meters in altitude [1]. Prof. Dr. Markus Kohlhaas, Chief Physician of the Eye Clinic at St. Johannes Hospital Dortmund, emphasizes the importance of choosing sunglasses with genuine quality features for effective eye protection [2].
To choose high-quality sunglasses for UV protection, prioritize lenses labeled with “100% UV protection,” “UV400,” or “100% protection against UVA and UVB” as they block all harmful UV rays up to 400 nanometers [3]. Lens material such as polycarbonate, which naturally blocks UV rays and is impact-resistant, is also essential [3]. Large lens coverage with wraparound frames helps prevent UV rays from entering around the edges [3]. Consider polarized lenses for additional glare reduction and visual clarity [3].
It's important to note that dark lenses do not automatically provide better protection against UV rays [4]. The CE mark and the label 100% UV or 100 UV 400nm confirm that sunglasses meet the basic safety requirements for UV protection according to European directives [5].
Direct exposure to intense UV rays can lead to serious conditions such as cataracts, eye surface sunburn ("photokeratitis"), and tumors on eyelids or eye surfaces linked to UV damage [2]. Reflected UV rays from sand, water, and other surfaces can also pose a risk [2].
In very bright conditions, the eye can become dazzled, which can be reduced by a sun protection lens with sufficient light attenuation [1]. Prof. Dr. Kohlhaas advises consistently protecting eyes from UV radiation [2].
Avoiding other summer eye irritants is also crucial. Airborne irritants such as pollen and dust can cause discomfort [2]. Environmental factors like strong glare from sunlight can cause eye strain [2]. Wearing UV-protective sunglasses combined with a broad-brimmed hat can block up to 95% or more UV rays, significantly reducing eye irritations caused by sunlight [2]. Minimizing exposure to known environmental allergens and irritants also helps protect the eyes during summer [2].
When the eye becomes dry and irritated due to disrupted tear film production, lubricating eye drops or gels can provide relief [6]. Ground-level ozone, formed by traffic smog, is an irritant gas that can cause burning, tearing, and itchy eyes [7]. Heat, pollen, and other pollutants enhance the irritating effect of ground-level ozone [7].
If symptoms persist, it's important to consult an ophthalmologist [6]. Excessive UV exposure can cause symptoms like red, painful eyes, constant tearing, extreme light sensitivity, and temporary blindness [4]. Around 50% of UV radiation can pass through clouds, so sunglasses are still recommended on cloudy days [8].
In addition to UV protection, ensuring good eye care is essential for avoiding eye diseases and discomfort [9]. Reflective surfaces like water, light sand, or snow increase UV radiation by up to 80% [1]. People with snow blindness should see an ophthalmologist [10].
Sources: [1] https://www.healthline.com/health/eye-health/uv-light-eye-damage [2] https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/summer-safety-tips [3] https://www.healthline.com/health/eye-health/choosing-sunglasses-for-uv-protection [4] https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/protect-your-eyes-from-uv-radiation [5] https://www.healthline.com/health/eye-health/ce-mark-on-sunglasses [6] https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dry-eye-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20369512 [7] https://www.epa.gov/ozone-pollution/ground-level-ozone-and-human-health [8] https://www.healthline.com/health/eye-health/uv-light-eye-damage#UV-rays-on-cloudy-days [9] https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/eye-care/art-20047801 [10] https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/snow-blindness/symptoms-causes/syc-20356147
- To maintain overall workplace-wellness, it's crucial to address medical-conditions related to eye-health, such as cataracts, eye surface sunburn, and tumors caused by UV exposure.
- As a part of health-and-wellness, fitness-and-exercise routines should incorporate strategies to protect eye-health, such as wearing UV-protective sunglasses in bright conditions.
- In the realm of therapies-and-treatments, eye drops or gels can be used for addressing dry and irritated eyes caused by disrupted tear film production.
- Skin-care concerns, such as those caused by ground-level ozone, can also affect eye-health, leading to burning, tearing, and itchy eyes.
- An ophthalmologist should be consulted when dealing with persistent symptoms related to UV exposure or environmental allergens, such as constant tearing, extreme light sensitivity, or red, painful eyes.
