Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder: Diversity, Early Intervention, and Diagnosis
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a broad category of neurodevelopmental disorders that affects communication, learning, and social interaction. Early intervention has been shown to have long-term positive effects for people with ASD, who may exhibit a wide range of abilities and needs.
ASD encompasses individuals with just a few mild autistic traits to those who require significant support for daily functioning. The most common symptoms include difficulty with communication and interaction, such as not responding to their name, avoiding eye contact, and repeating words or phrases. People with ASD may also engage in repetitive movements or have trouble expressing their needs.
The severity of ASD varies greatly, with some individuals needing minimal support services, while others require high levels of assistance throughout their lives. It's important to note that ASD affects people across all intelligence levels and with varying communication and social abilities. Despite the diversity within the spectrum, the current official term in the U.S. is Autism Spectrum Disorder, following the DSM-5 changes in 2013 that merged all types into a single diagnosis.
A diagnosis of ASD is made through a comprehensive behavioral evaluation and developmental screening, as there is no single medical test for autism. Conditions like Rett syndrome, which affects girls and involves issues with language and coordination, are not included on the autism spectrum.
Autism Spectrum Disorder is a complex and varied condition that affects communication, learning, and social interaction. Early intervention has been shown to have positive long-term effects, and understanding the diversity within the spectrum is crucial for providing appropriate support and services.
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