Understanding Autism Spectrum Disorder: Symptoms, Causes, and Impact
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that typically manifests during early childhood. Symptoms usually appear between 12 and 24 months, but can also emerge earlier or later. Diagnosis requires symptoms in both communication and social interaction categories, as well as restricted or repetitive behaviours.
Early signs of ASD may include delayed language or social development. Some autistic children might struggle to express feelings or understand others' emotions by 36 months. The DSM-5-TR divides ASD symptoms into two main categories: communication and social interaction difficulties, and restricted, repetitive behaviours.
Less commonly discussed symptoms can include sensory sensitivities, motor challenges, gastrointestinal issues, sleep disturbances, and subtle social interaction differences. Conditions like ARFID and rare neurological symptoms can also co-occur with ASD. Genetic and environmental factors may contribute to ASD development. As autistic children start speaking, they might use an unusual tone or display hyperlexia, reading beyond their expected age level.
ASD is a spectrum disorder, meaning it affects individuals differently. It's characterized by differences in communication, social interaction, and restricted, repetitive behaviours. Early identification and intervention can significantly improve outcomes for autistic individuals. Understanding the wide range of potential symptoms is crucial for accurate diagnosis and support.
