Vaginal Cancer: Causes, Signs, and Remedies
Vulvar cancer is a type of cancer that affects the external genital organs protecting a female's reproductive system, particularly the outer lips of the vagina. This lesser-known form of cancer can present with various symptoms, and early detection and treatment are crucial for improving the outlook.
Common symptoms of vulvar cancer include a lump or growth on the vulva, changes in the vulvar skin, persistent itching, bleeding not related to menstrual periods, and tenderness or pain in the vulvar area. Other symptoms reported in vulvovaginal cancers can include localized pruritus (itching), unusual bleeding, swelling, discharge, and the presence of ulcers.
There are several types of vulvar cancer, each with its unique characteristics. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common, accounting for about 75% of cases. It arises from the flat, squamous cells that make up the surface of the vulva. Adenocarcinoma, originating from glandular cells, accounts for approximately 13-15% of cases. Verrucous carcinoma, a less common subtype, is characterized by a wart-like appearance. Other rare types include Bartholin gland carcinoma, clear cell carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, high-grade sarcoma, malignant spindle cell tumor, and invasive melanoma.
If a biopsy confirms the presence of vulvar cancer, the doctor will stage it with the help of imaging scans. Depending on the results, there may be further tests such as a Pap smear, cystoscopy, proctoscopy, MRI, CT scan, or X-ray.
Treatment for vulvar cancer may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and immunotherapy. The goal of surgery is to remove the cancer while leaving sexual function intact. The extent of the surgery will depend on how far the cancer has spread. Reconstructive surgery may be possible, depending on how much tissue is removed.
Imiquimod, an example of a biologic therapy, may be applied topically to treat vulvar cancer. Radiation therapy can shrink deep lesions or tumors before surgery, treat lymph nodes to remove any remaining cancer cells, relieve symptoms, and improve quality of life for people with later-stage cancer.
Experts believe that age, human papillomavirus (HPV), smoking, inflammatory conditions, radiation in the pelvic area, immunodeficiency, moles and melanoma, and a history of cervical cancer may increase the risk of vulvar cancer.
Early diagnosis and treatment can often prevent the spread of cancer and improve the outlook. If anyone notices skin changes or other symptoms around the vulva, it is essential to seek medical advice promptly. The 5-year survival rate for vulvar cancer, when all stages are combined, is 71%.
In conclusion, while vulvar cancer may not be as well-known as other forms of cancer, it is essential to be aware of its symptoms and risk factors. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve the chances of successful treatment and recovery. If you have any concerns about changes to your vulva, do not hesitate to consult a healthcare professional.
- Dermatitis, an inflammatory condition, can sometimes present symptoms similar to vulvar cancer, making it crucial to distinguish between the two for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
- Along with various medical-conditions like diabetes, asthma, and HIV, women with atopic dermatitis might face an increased risk of developing vulvar cancer due to their weakened immune systems.
- In the realm of science, predictive models are being developed to identify women who are more susceptible to conditions such as vulvar cancer, psoriasis, and cancers like breast and ovarian, contributing to health-and-wellness research.
- Theplacement of AQ (Azacitidine), a drug used in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome, has shown potential in the management of high-risk vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, a pre-cancerous condition that can lead to vulvar cancer.
- Crohns, an inflammatory bowel disease, and other chronic inflammatory conditions have been linked to a higher risk of developing certain forms of cancer, including vulvar cancer, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and managing such conditions.
- In addition to vulvar cancer and the obvious concerns regarding women's health, health-and-wellness professionals encourage women to be aware of other less common concerns related to reproductive health, such as cancers like ovarian, cervical, and uterine.
- PSA (Prostate-specific antigen) tests, originally designed to screen for prostate cancer in men, are now being explored for their potential in detecting vaginal and vulvar cancers in women, opening up new possibilities in preventive health care.
- Regular self-examinations and screenings for common medical-conditions, such as vulvar cancer, are essential for maintaining overall health and wellness, promoting early detection and successful treatment outcomes.
